SCA1 ATXN1

Disease ID
SCA1
Gene ID
ATXN1

Disease

SCA
Name
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Description
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I) characterized by dysarthria, writing difficulties, limb ataxia, and commonly nystagmus and saccadic abnormalities1 .
Prevalence
1.5 100,000
1-2/100,000. Cases have been reported worldwide, although prevalences varies by ancestry/ethnicity2 .
Age of Onset(Typical)Years6  6320  39
Age of Onset Details
Typical: 20-393 ; Range: 64 - 635 .

Locus

Details
Penetrance is dependent on sequence purity in addition to expansion length: pure repeats are pathogenic at 39 repeats6 , while CAT interruptions7 can lead to reduced penetrance at comparable lengths2 . Regardless, intermediate alleles are considered premutations which may lead to disease upon transmission2 .
Mechanism
GoF/LoF
Polyglutamine expansion leading to toxic gain of function with eventual misregulation-based loss of function/dominant negative2,8 .
Year
19939
Location in Gene
Exon 8
Gene Strand

Alleles

Ref. Motif
CTG
Pathogenic (ref.)
CTG
Pathogenic (gene)
AGC
BenignIntermediatePathogenicUnits6  3536  3839  91

gnomAD

References

Direct supporting references for info on this page.

1
Ontology Lookup Service (OLS)
mondo:0008119
2
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1
Puneet,Opal, Tetsuo,Ashizawa
GeneReviews® · 1993-01-01
genereviews:NBK1184
4
Spinocerebellar ataxia: variable age of onset and linkage to human leukocyte antigen in a large kindred.
H Y,Zoghbi, M S,Pollack, L A,Lyons, R E,Ferrell, S P,Daiger, A L,Beaudet
Annals of neurology · 1988-06-01
pmid:3165612
5
Clinical features and natural history of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.
H,Sasaki, T,Fukazawa, T,Yanagihara, T,Hamada, K,Shima, A,Matsumoto, K,Hashimoto, N,Ito, A,Wakisaka, K,Tashiro
Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 1996-01-01
pmid:8825276
6
The Frequency of Intermediate Alleles in Patients with Cerebellar Phenotypes.
Elena,Capacci, Silvia,Bagnoli, Giulia,Giacomucci, Costanza Maria,Rapillo, Alessandra,Govoni, Valentina,Bessi, Cristina,Polito, Irene,Giotti, Alice,Brogi, Elisabetta,Pelo, Sandro,Sorbi, Benedetta,Nacmias, Camilla,Ferrari
Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023-10-31
pmid:37906407
7
Comprehensive genetic diagnosis of tandem repeat expansion disorders with programmable targeted nanopore sequencing.
Igor,Stevanovski, Sanjog R,Chintalaphani, Hasindu,Gamaarachchi, James M,Ferguson, Sandy S,Pineda, Carolin K,Scriba, Michel,Tchan, Victor,Fung, Karl,Ng, Andrea,Cortese, Henry,Houlden, Carol,Dobson-Stone, Lauren,Fitzpatrick, Glenda,Halliday, Gianina,Ravenscroft, Mark R,Davis, Nigel G,Laing, Avi,Fellner, Marina,Kennerson, Kishore R,Kumar, Ira W,Deveson
Science advances · 2022-03-04
pmid:35245110
8
Combined overexpression of ATXN1L and mutant ATXN1 knockdown by AAV rescue motor phenotypes and gene signatures in SCA1 mice.
Ellie M,Carrell, Megan S,Keiser, Ashley B,Robbins, Beverly L,Davidson
Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2022-04-12
pmid:35573049
9
Expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.
H T,Orr, M Y,Chung, S,Banfi, T J,Kwiatkowski, A,Servadio, A L,Beaudet, A E,McCall, L A,Duvick, L P,Ranum, H Y,Zoghbi
Nature genetics · 1993-07-01
pmid:8358429

Additional Literature

Additional literature related to this locus.

Raw PubMed search results
(All PubMed results returned by searching for this gene, tandem repeats, and disease, in medline format)

Identification and Copy Number Variant Analysis of Enhancer Regions of Genes Causing Spinocerebellar Ataxia.
Fatemeh,Ghorbani, Eddy N,de Boer, Michiel R,Fokkens, Jelkje,de Boer-Bergsma, Corien C,Verschuuren-Bemelmans, Elles,Wierenga, Hamidreza,Kasaei, Daan,Noordermeer, Dineke S,Verbeek, Helga,Westers, Cleo C,van Diemen
International journal of molecular sciences · 2024-10-18
pmid:39456985
Early-onset phenotype in a patient with an intermediate allele and a large SCA1 expansion: a case report.
Guillaume,Baille, Nicolas,Geoffre, Anna,Wissocq, Pauline,Planté-Bordeneuve, Eugénie,Mutez, Vincent,Huin
BMC neurology · 2024-09-17
pmid:39289638
CAG repeat-selective compounds reduce abundance of expanded CAG RNAs in patient cell and murine models of SCAs.
Hannah K,Shorrock, Asmer,Aliyeva, Jesus A,Frias, Victoria A,DeMeo, Claudia D,Lennon, Cristina C,DeMeo, Amy K,Mascorro, Sharon,Shaughnessy, Hormoz,Mazdiyasni, John D,Cleary, Kaalak,Reddy, Sweta,Vangaveti, Damian S,Shin, J Andrew,Berglund
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024-08-17
pmid:39211226
Tremor-associated short tandem repeat intermediate and pathogenic expansions in familial essential tremor.
Xun,Zhou, Runcheng,He, Sheng,Zeng, Mingqiang,Li, Hongxu,Pan, Yuwen,Zhao, Zhenhua,Liu, Qian,Xu, Jifeng,Guo, Xinxiang,Yan, Jinchen,Li, Beisha,Tang, Qiying,Sun
Brain communications · 2024-06-29
pmid:38961870
CAG repeat mosaicism is gene specific in spinocerebellar ataxias.
Radhia,Kacher, François-Xavier,Lejeune, Isabelle,David, Susana,Boluda, Giulia,Coarelli, Sabrina,Leclere-Turbant, Anna,Heinzmann, Cecilia,Marelli, Perrine,Charles, Cyril,Goizet, Nisha,Kabir, Rania,Hilab, Ludmila,Jornea, Julie,Six, Marc,Dommergues, Anne-Laure,Fauret, Alexis,Brice, Sandrine,Humbert, Alexandra,Durr
American journal of human genetics · 2024-04-15
pmid:38626762
Repeat expansions in
Camilla,Novy, Øyvind L,Busk, Ole-Bjørn,Tysnes, Sigve S,Landa, Tori N,Aanjesen, Karl B,Alstadhaug, Tale L,Bjerknes, Ingrid K,Bjørnå, Geir,Bråthen, Elin,Dahl, Natasha,Demic, Maria,Fahlström, Heidi Ø,Flemmen, Erika,Hallerstig, Ineke,HogenEsch, Margitta T,Kampman, Grethe,Kleveland, Helene B,Kvernmo, Unn,Ljøstad, Angelina,Maniaol, Aase Hagen,Morsund, Ola,Nakken, Cathrine G,Olsen, Katrin,Schlüter, May-Sissel,Utvik, Ryaz,Yaseen, Øystein L,Holla, Trygve,Holmøy, Helle,Høyer
Brain communications · 2024-03-14
pmid:38585669
Diagnostic uplift through the implementation of short tandem repeat analysis using exome sequencing.
Jihoon G,Yoon, Seungbok,Lee, Jaeso,Cho, Narae,Kim, Sheehyun,Kim, Man Jin,Kim, Soo Yeon,Kim, Jangsup,Moon, Jong-Hee,Chae
European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024-02-02
pmid:38308084
Intranuclear inclusions of polyQ-expanded ATXN1 sequester RNA molecules.
Ioannis,Gkekas, Aimilia-Christina,Vagiona, Nikolaos,Pechlivanis, Georgia,Kastrinaki, Katerina,Pliatsika, Sebastian,Iben, Konstantinos,Xanthopoulos, Fotis E,Psomopoulos, Miguel A,Andrade-Navarro, Spyros,Petrakis
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023-12-06
pmid:38125008
Antagonistic roles of canonical and Alternative-RPA in disease-associated tandem CAG repeat instability.
Terence,Gall-Duncan, Jennifer,Luo, Carla-Marie,Jurkovic, Laura A,Fischer, Kyota,Fujita, Amit L,Deshmukh, Rachel J,Harding, Stephanie,Tran, Mustafa,Mehkary, Vanessa,Li, David E,Leib, Ran,Chen, Hikari,Tanaka, Amanda G,Mason, Dominique,Lévesque, Mahreen,Khan, Mortezaali,Razzaghi, Tanya,Prasolava, Stella,Lanni, Nozomu,Sato, Marie-Christine,Caron, Gagan B,Panigrahi, Peixiang,Wang, Rachel,Lau, Arturo López,Castel, Jean-Yves,Masson, Lynette,Tippett, Clinton,Turner, Maria,Spies, Albert R,La Spada, Eric I,Campos, Maurice A,Curtis, François-Michel,Boisvert, Richard L M,Faull, Beverly L,Davidson, Masayuki,Nakamori, Hitoshi,Okazawa, Marc S,Wold, Christopher E,Pearson
Cell · 2023-10-11
pmid:37827155