SCA3 ATXN3

Disease ID
SCA3, MJD
Gene ID
ATXN3

Disease

SCA
Name
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Description
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most common subtype of type 1 autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type 1), a neurodegenerative disorder, and is characterized by ataxia, external progressive ophthalmoplegia, and other neurological manifestations1 .
Prevalence
2.1 100,000
1-5/100,0002 . Most prevalent SCA subtype3 . Found worldwide across ancestries/ethnicities4 .
Age of Onset(Typical)Years5  7310  49
Age of Onset Details
Typical: 10-494 ; 5-734,5 .

Locus

Details
Benign alleles range from 11-44 repeats6 , with intermediate alleles (45-59) associated with incomplete penetrance and non-classic phenotypes4 . The threshold between incomplete and full penetrance is unclear, but presumed to occur at ~60 repeats4,6 . The interruption CAA has been observed7 ; AAG is present in hg38 reference sequence.
Mechanism
GoF
Polyglutamine expansion leading to gain of function; aggregated and mislocalized proteins in neurons8,4 .
Year
19949
Location in Gene
Exon 10
Gene Strand

Alleles

Ref. Motif
CTG
Pathogenic (ref.)
CTG
Pathogenic (gene)
AGC
BenignIntermediatePathogenicUnits11  4445  5960  87

gnomAD

References

Direct supporting references for info on this page.

1
Ontology Lookup Service (OLS)
mondo:0007182
2
Profiling of Short-Tandem-Repeat Disease Alleles in 12,632 Human Whole Genomes.
Haibao,Tang, Ewen F,Kirkness, Christoph,Lippert, William H,Biggs, Martin,Fabani, Ernesto,Guzman, Smriti,Ramakrishnan, Victor,Lavrenko, Boyko,Kakaradov, Claire,Hou, Barry,Hicks, David,Heckerman, Franz J,Och, C Thomas,Caskey, J Craig,Venter, Amalio,Telenti
American journal of human genetics · 2017-11-02
pmid:29100084
3
Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Jenish,Bhandari, Pawan K.,Thada, Debopam,Samanta
StatPearls · 2024-01-01
genereviews:NBK557816
5
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and age at onset of Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a study in patients from multiple populations.
A,Ramos, M,Planchat, A R,Vieira Melo, M,Raposo, U,Shamim, V,Suroliya, A K,Srivastava, M,Faruq, H,Morino, R,Ohsawa, H,Kawakami, L,Bannach Jardim, M L,Saraiva-Pereira, J,Vasconcelos, C,Santos, M,Lima
European journal of neurology · 2018-12-07
pmid:30414314
6
The Frequency of Intermediate Alleles in Patients with Cerebellar Phenotypes.
Elena,Capacci, Silvia,Bagnoli, Giulia,Giacomucci, Costanza Maria,Rapillo, Alessandra,Govoni, Valentina,Bessi, Cristina,Polito, Irene,Giotti, Alice,Brogi, Elisabetta,Pelo, Sandro,Sorbi, Benedetta,Nacmias, Camilla,Ferrari
Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023-10-31
pmid:37906407
7
Comprehensive genetic diagnosis of tandem repeat expansion disorders with programmable targeted nanopore sequencing.
Igor,Stevanovski, Sanjog R,Chintalaphani, Hasindu,Gamaarachchi, James M,Ferguson, Sandy S,Pineda, Carolin K,Scriba, Michel,Tchan, Victor,Fung, Karl,Ng, Andrea,Cortese, Henry,Houlden, Carol,Dobson-Stone, Lauren,Fitzpatrick, Glenda,Halliday, Gianina,Ravenscroft, Mark R,Davis, Nigel G,Laing, Avi,Fellner, Marina,Kennerson, Kishore R,Kumar, Ira W,Deveson
Science advances · 2022-03-04
pmid:35245110
8
Clinical and neuroimaging review of triplet repeat diseases.
Ryo,Kurokawa, Mariko,Kurokawa, Akihiko,Mitsutake, Moto,Nakaya, Akira,Baba, Yasuhiro,Nakata, Toshio,Moritani, Osamu,Abe
Japanese journal of radiology · 2022-09-28
pmid:36169768
9
CAG expansions in a novel gene for Machado-Joseph disease at chromosome 14q32.1.
Y,Kawaguchi, T,Okamoto, M,Taniwaki, M,Aizawa, M,Inoue, S,Katayama, H,Kawakami, S,Nakamura, M,Nishimura, I,Akiguchi
Nature genetics · 1994-11-01
pmid:7874163

Additional Literature

Additional literature related to this locus.

Raw PubMed search results
(All PubMed results returned by searching for this gene, tandem repeats, and disease, in medline format)

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele is associated with better performance language and visual memory in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
Xuanyu,Chen, Kunxin,Lin, Zhixian,Ye, Liangliang,Qiu, Yusen,Qiu, Ruying,Yuan, Xintong,Yu, Chunyu,Huang, Bi,Cheng, Wei,Lin, Tianmin,Lai, Wanjin,Chen, Ning,Wang, Shirui,Gan, Qiuni,Su, Ying,Fu
European journal of neurology · 2025-01-01
pmid:39731318
Genetic Analysis of GCA Repeats in the GLS Gene: Implications for Undiagnosed Ataxia and Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 in Mainland China.
Lijing,Lei, Linliu,Peng, Linlin,Wan, Zhao,Chen, Chunrong,Wang, Huirong,Peng, Rong,Qiu, Beisha,Tang, Hong,Jiang
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024-12-19
pmid:39699045
Screening for SCA27B, CANVAS and other repeat expansion disorders in Greek patients with late-onset cerebellar ataxia suggests a need to update current diagnostic algorithms.
Georgios,Koutsis, Chrisoula,Kartanou, Zoi,Kontogeorgiou, Chrysoula,Koniari, Alexandros,Mitrousias, David,Pellerin, Marie-Jose,Dicaire, Pablo,Iruzubieta, Matt C,Danzi, Konstantinos,Athanassopoulos, Nikolaos,Ragazos, Maria,Stamelou, Michail,Rentzos, Evangelos,Anagnostou, Stephan,Zuchner, Bernard,Brais, Henry,Houlden, Marios,Panas, Leonidas,Stefanis, Georgia,Karadima
Journal of the neurological sciences · 2024-11-15
pmid:39571249
Split hand and minipolymyoclonus in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a case report.
Anli,Eki, Atsuhiko,Sugiyama, Kazumoto,Shibuya, Yuki,Nakagawa, Takayuki,Ishige, Tomoki,Suichi, Ryo,Otani, Satoshi,Kuwabara
BMC neurology · 2024-11-09
pmid:39516744
Identification and Copy Number Variant Analysis of Enhancer Regions of Genes Causing Spinocerebellar Ataxia.
Fatemeh,Ghorbani, Eddy N,de Boer, Michiel R,Fokkens, Jelkje,de Boer-Bergsma, Corien C,Verschuuren-Bemelmans, Elles,Wierenga, Hamidreza,Kasaei, Daan,Noordermeer, Dineke S,Verbeek, Helga,Westers, Cleo C,van Diemen
International journal of molecular sciences · 2024-10-18
pmid:39456985
Age-dependent somatic expansion of the ATXN3 CAG repeat in the blood and buccal swab DNA of individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease.
Ahmed M,Sidky, Ana Rosa Vieira,Melo, Teresa T,Kay, Mafalda,Raposo, Manuela,Lima, Darren G,Monckton
Human genetics · 2024-10-08
pmid:39375222
Spinocerebellar Ataxia in Brazil: A Comprehensive Genotype - Phenotype Analysis.
Maria Carolina Da,Cunha Ganimi, Christian Marques,Couto, Alessandra de,La Rocque Ferreira, Carmen Lucia,Antão Paiva
Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024-09-25
pmid:39317855
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington's disease.
Anirban,Chakraborty, Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty,Sreenivasmurthy, Wyatt,Miller, Weihan,Huai, Tapan,Biswas, Santi Mohan,Mandal, Lisardo,Boscá, Balaji,Krishnan, Gourisankar,Ghosh, Tapas,Hazra
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024-09-19
pmid:39298485
NMR structures and magnetic force spectroscopy studies of small molecules binding to models of an RNA CAG repeat expansion.
Amirhossein,Taghavi, Jonathan L,Chen, Zhen,Wang, Krishshanthi,Sinnadurai, David,Salthouse, Matthew,Ozon, Adeline,Feri, Matthew A,Fountain, Shruti,Choudhary, Jessica L,Childs-Disney, Matthew D,Disney
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024-08-21
pmid:39229124